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MicroRNAs: Potential Targets for Developing Stress-Tolerant Crops.

Saurabh Chaudhary1, Atul Grover2, Prakash Chand Sharma3

  • 1Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
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Climate change threatens crop yields, necessitating stress-tolerant varieties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate plant stress responses and can be targeted for crop improvement.

Keywords:
NGSabiotic stressesbiotic stressescrop improvementmicroRNAtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Global climate change poses significant challenges to crop yield and food security.
  • Developing stress-tolerant crop varieties is crucial to meet the demands of a growing global population.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of plant gene expression, particularly in response to environmental stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional roles of miRNAs in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
  • To discuss methods for identifying stress-responsive miRNAs from transcriptome data.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNAs as targets for engineering stress-resilient crops.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the regulatory functions of plant miRNAs in stress tolerance.
  • Exploration of bioinformatics approaches for mining stress-responsive miRNAs from next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome data.
  • Analysis of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (20-24 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs fine-tune the expression of numerous genes involved in plant stress responses.
  • Specific miRNAs can be identified from large-scale transcriptome datasets.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play a critical role in mediating plant adaptation to various environmental stresses.
  • Identifying and characterizing stress-responsive miRNAs offers a promising avenue for crop improvement.
  • Engineering miRNA pathways presents a novel strategy for developing climate-resilient crop varieties.