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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polymerization commonly causes volumetric shrinkage due to covalent bond formation.
  • This shrinkage negatively impacts material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review expanding monomers and their structure-property relationships.
  • To highlight methods for quantifying volumetric changes during polymerization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of expanding monomer classes.
  • Analysis of structure-property correlations.
  • Discussion of measurement techniques for volumetric changes.

Main Results:

  • Expanding monomers, featuring cyclic structures, undergo ring-opening polymerization.
  • This process transforms dense cyclic structures into less dense linear ones, causing volumetric expansion.
  • Key monomer classes include cycloalkanes, oxacycles, benzoxazines, and thiocyclic compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding monomers offer a viable strategy to mitigate polymerization-induced volumetric shrinkage.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of these monomers is crucial for material design.
  • Spiroorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates, cyclic carbonates, and benzoxazines are particularly promising expanding monomers.