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Meningioma: A Review of Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions
Christian Ogasawara1, Brandon D Philbrick2, D Cory Adamson2,3
1Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Abstract:
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor, making up more than a third of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. They are mostly benign tumors that can be observed or preferentially treated with gross total resection that provides good outcomes. Meningiomas with complicated histology or in compromising locations has proved to be a challenge in treating and predicting prognostic outcomes. Advances in genomics and molecular characteristics of meningiomas have uncovered potential use for more accurate grading and prediction of prognosis and recurrence. With the study and detection of genomic aberrancies, specific biologic targets are now being trialed for possible management of meningiomas that are not responsive to standard surgery and radiotherapy treatment. This review summarizes current epidemiology, etiology, molecular characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, and current treatment trials.
Insights
Meningiomas, common brain tumors, are often benign but challenging in complex cases. Genomic advances offer new ways to predict prognosis and develop targeted treatments for difficult meningiomas.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Genomics
- Tumor Biology
Background:
- Meningiomas represent over a third of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
- While often benign and treatable with surgery, complex cases pose challenges in prognosis and treatment.
- Recent molecular discoveries offer new avenues for understanding and managing these tumors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current epidemiology, etiology, and molecular landscape of meningiomas.
- To summarize diagnostic approaches and established treatments for meningiomas.
- To highlight ongoing treatment trials targeting novel molecular pathways.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of studies on meningioma genomics and molecular characteristics.
- Summary of current clinical practices and ongoing therapeutic investigations.
Main Results:
- Meningiomas are the most frequent primary CNS tumors, predominantly benign.
- Genomic and molecular insights are improving tumor grading and recurrence prediction.
- Targeted therapies are emerging for treatment-resistant meningiomas.
Conclusions:
- Understanding meningioma genomics is crucial for personalized treatment strategies.
- Advances in molecular biology are paving the way for more effective therapies.
- Further research and clinical trials are essential for optimizing meningioma management.
