Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 10, 2025
05:05
A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes
Published on: January 16, 2015
17.8K
Urinary Exosomes Identify Inflammatory Pathways in Vancomycin Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Linda Awdishu1, Amy Le1, Jordan Amato1
1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 3, 2021
Summary
Urinary exosomes show increased inflammatory proteins in vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (V-AKI). These findings may help identify biomarkers for V-AKI mechanisms and potential treatments.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Proteomics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Vancomycin is a primary treatment for Gram-positive infections, including MRSA.
- Vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (V-AKI) affects up to 43% of patients, linked to high trough concentrations.
- Proximal tubule cell apoptosis is a suspected mechanism of V-AKI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate urinary exosome protein content in V-AKI patients.
- To identify biomarkers for V-AKI injury mechanisms and treatment responses.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of urine samples from V-AKI patients and healthy controls.
- Exosome extraction via solvent exclusion and precipitation.
- Label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for protein identification and quantification.
Main Results:
- Proteomic analysis identified 2009 proteins across all samples.
- 251 proteins were significantly associated with V-AKI.
- Key discriminatory proteins included complement C3, C4, and fibrinogen.
Conclusions:
- Urinary exosomes indicate elevated inflammatory proteins in V-AKI.
- Further research with larger patient cohorts is needed.
- Findings may aid in understanding V-AKI pathophysiology and biomarker validation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:36Overview of Exosomes
3.1K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.1K
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
127
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
127
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
497
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
497
01:22Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
250
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
250
01:28Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion
507
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
507
01:29Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
400
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
400