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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Intestinal Phase of Digestion01:29

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

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The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
The arrival of the chyme in the small intestine distends the duodenum, which triggers the enterogastric reflex. This distension...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Cephalic Phase of Digestion01:24

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The process of digestion is composed of three stages – cephalic, gastric, and intestinal – each with a distinct control center. The cephalic phase is the first stage, and it starts even before the food enters the stomach. It is controlled by the central nervous system and is initiated by any food-related sensory stimuli, such as the sight and smell of food, which send signals to the brain. While eating, the taste receptors intensify these signals, which travel to the cerebral cortex...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Gastrointestinal Contributions to the Postprandial Experience.

Dan M Livovsky1,2,3, Fernando Azpiroz1

  • 1Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.

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|April 3, 2021
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Summary

Food intake creates feelings of fullness and satisfaction, influenced by meal content and gut activity. Individual factors like sex and conditioning also shape how we perceive these post-meal sensations.

Keywords:
digestiondigestive well-beingfood ingestionfunctional gastrointestinal disordershedonic sensationshomeostatic sensationspostprandial symptomssatiety

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Sensory Perception
  • Nutritional Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Food ingestion triggers both homeostatic (satiety, fullness) and hedonic (satisfaction, mood) postprandial sensations.
  • These sensations arise from intraluminal stimuli, digestive tract activity, meal nutrient composition, and colonic fermentation.
  • Gastrointestinal function and sensitivity are influenced by individual factors and conditioning mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the factors influencing the perception of digestive stimuli.
  • To examine the determinants of the overall postprandial experience.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of factors affecting gastrointestinal perception.
  • Exploration of homeostatic and hedonic aspects of postprandial sensations.

Main Results:

  • Postprandial sensations are multifactorial, involving food properties, gut physiology, and individual variability.
  • Nutrient composition and colonic fermentation significantly impact postprandial feelings.
  • Individual factors such as sex and learned responses modulate digestive tract sensitivity and perception.

Conclusions:

  • Perception of digestive stimuli and the postprandial experience are complex and influenced by a combination of physiological, nutritional, and individual factors.
  • Understanding these determinants is crucial for addressing altered eating behaviors and gastrointestinal disorders.