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Media for Dimensional Stabilization of Rubber Compounds during Additive Manufacturing and Vulcanization.

Welf-Guntram Drossel1,2, Jörn Ihlemann3, Ralf Landgraf3

  • 1Professorship Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a 3D printing method for rubber parts using a support medium to maintain shape during manufacturing and vulcanization. All tested media (silicone rubber, sand, plaster) stabilized the rubber, though each had drawbacks.

Keywords:
3D rubber printingadditive manufacturingsupport materialvulcanization tests

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Polymer Engineering

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM) of elastomeric components presents challenges in maintaining shape during printing and post-processing, particularly vulcanization.
  • Traditional support structures are often incompatible with rubber's viscoelastic properties and high-temperature curing requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel concept for extrusion-based 3D printing of rubber components utilizing a removable support medium.
  • To investigate the efficacy of different media in ensuring dimensional stability of elastomeric structures during vulcanization.
  • To identify suitable support media and assess their impact on the 3D printing and vulcanization process of rubber.

Main Methods:

  • Defined specific requirements for dimensional stabilization media.
  • Selected and derived suitable media, including silicone rubber, molding sand, and plaster.
  • Conducted experimental vulcanization tests with NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) rubber geometries embedded in the selected media.

Main Results:

  • All tested media (silicone rubber, molding sand, plaster) successfully maintained the shape of rubber geometries during vulcanization.
  • The presence of media significantly influenced heating times during the vulcanization process.
  • Observed side effects included incomplete curing and difficult removal for silicone rubber, increased surface roughness with molding sand, and surface finish changes with plaster.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed concept of using a support medium is viable for shape stabilization in 3D printed rubber components.
  • While all evaluated media demonstrated effectiveness in shape retention, specific modifications are needed to mitigate observed side effects.
  • Further research should focus on optimizing media composition and removal processes for improved post-processing of 3D printed elastomeric parts.