Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Spatiotemporal Spread Patterns of COVID-19 around the World: Online...

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread widely around the world. Many mathematical models have been proposed to investigate the inflection point (IP) and the spread pattern of COVID-19. However, no researchers have applied social network analysis (SNA) to cluster their characteristics. We aimed to illustrate the use of SNA to identify the spread clusters of COVID-19. Cumulative numbers of infected cases (CNICs) in countries/regions were downloaded from GitHub. The CNIC patterns were extracted from SNA based on CNICs between countries/regions. The item response model (IRT) was applied to create a general predictive model for each country/region. The IP days were obtained from the IRT model. The location parameters in continents, China, and the United States were compared. The results showed that (1) three clusters (255, n = 51, 130, and 74 in patterns from Eastern Asia and Europe to America) were separated using SNA, (2) China had a shorter mean IP and smaller mean location parameter than other counterparts, and (3) an online dashboard was used to display the clusters along with IP days for each country/region. Spatiotemporal spread patterns can be clustered using SNA and correlation coefficients (CCs). A dashboard with spread clusters and IP days is recommended to epidemiologists and researchers and is not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic.