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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

3.3K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
3.3K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

3.4K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
3.4K
Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification01:27

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

4.0K
Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors,...
4.0K
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

2.9K
β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...
2.9K
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

1.8K
The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
1.8K

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Regional adrenalectomy completed by prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy reduces the incidence of local and peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma.

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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

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Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Alfredo Berruti1, Guido Alberto Massimo Tiberio2, Sandra Sigala3

  • 1Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Cancers
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer. Research aims to improve understanding and treatment of this complex endocrine tumor.

Keywords:
adrenocortical carcinomabiomarkersdisease managementdrug therapysurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with poor prognosis.
  • Limited understanding of ACC pathogenesis hinders effective therapeutic strategies.

Discussion:

  • ACC presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and heterogeneity.
  • Current treatment options for advanced ACC are limited, emphasizing the need for novel approaches.

Key Insights:

  • ACC is characterized by aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates.
  • Molecular profiling reveals potential therapeutic targets, but clinical translation remains slow.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on early detection and targeted therapies for ACC.
  • International collaboration is crucial for advancing ACC research and improving patient outcomes.