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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Sustainable Myrcene-Based Elastomers via a Convenient Anionic Polymerization.

David Hermann Lamparelli1, Magdalena Maria Kleybolte2, Malte Winnacker2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Giovanni Paolo II Str., 84084 Fisciano, Italy.

Polymers
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New anionic polymerization methods enable the creation of custom elastomers from renewable myrcene and commodity monomers. This research offers a versatile approach to producing advanced elastomeric materials with tunable properties.

Keywords:
anionic polymerizationmyrcenesodium hydride

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Elastomeric materials are crucial in various industrial applications.
  • Developing sustainable and tunable polymerization methods is a key research area.
  • Anionic polymerization offers precise control over polymer architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of sodium hydride/trialkylaluminum heterocomplexes as anionic initiators.
  • To explore the homo-, co-, and ter-polymerization of myrcene with styrene and isoprene.
  • To produce elastomeric materials with controlled compositions and thermal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Anionic polymerization initiated by sodium hydride/trialkylaluminum systems.
  • Polymerization conducted at 100 °C in toluene.
  • Characterization of copolymer microstructure, molecular weight, and thermal properties.
  • Determination of copolymer reactivity ratios using Kelen-Tudos and extended Kelen-Tudos methods.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of elastomeric materials with diverse compositions and architectures.
  • Detailed study of myrcene-styrene copolymers (PMS) with tapered microstructures and high molecular weights (up to 159.8 KDa).
  • PMS exhibited a single glass transition temperature.
  • Reactivity ratios for PMS were determined: r_myr = 0.12 ± 0.003, r_sty = 3.18 ± 0.65 (KT) and r_myr = 0.10 ± 0.004, r_sty = 3.32 ± 0.68 (exKT).

Conclusions:

  • The developed anionic initiating system provides a convenient route for synthesizing various elastomers.
  • This method allows for the production of advanced polymeric materials from renewable terpenes like myrcene.
  • The study demonstrates an accessible approach for creating tailored elastomers through anionic copolymerization.