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Related Concept Videos

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
918
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
327
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

102
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
102
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

110
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
110
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

401
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
401
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

266
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
266

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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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A Case-Control Study on the Association between Salmonella Bacteriuria and Cystoscopy.

Eugene Y H Yeung1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.

Infectious Disease Reports
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cystoscopy significantly increases the risk of developing Salmonella bacteriuria, a urinary tract infection. This study highlights the need for improved disinfection protocols for cystoscopes to prevent infection transmission.

Keywords:
Salmonella enteritidisbacteremiacystoscopymicrobial sensitivity testssalmonellaurinary tract infections

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology
  • Public Health Microbiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Salmonella species are rare following cystoscopy.
  • Existing disinfection protocols for cystoscopes may be insufficient to prevent Salmonella transmission.
  • Limited data exists on the association between cystoscopy and Salmonella bacteriuria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between cystoscopy and the development of Salmonella bacteriuria.
  • To quantify the risk of Salmonella bacteriuria following cystoscopy.
  • To inform public health investigations regarding cystoscope-associated infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study design.
  • Inclusion of patients with Salmonella species in urine (cases) and blood (controls) from 2017-2019.
  • Data collected from 16 hospitals in Eastern Ontario, Canada.

Main Results:

  • Eight of eleven patients with Salmonella bacteriuria had undergone cystoscopy prior to infection.
  • Three of seventy-four patients with Salmonella bacteremia had prior urological procedures, none being cystoscopy.
  • A significantly high odds ratio (63.1) was observed for cystoscopy preceding Salmonella bacteriuria (p < 0.0001).
  • Salmonella enteritidis was the most common isolate in bacteriuria cases.

Conclusions:

  • Cystoscopy is identified as a significant risk factor for Salmonella bacteriuria.
  • Findings suggest potential breaches in cystoscope disinfection procedures.
  • Public health authorities should investigate the link between cystoscopy and Salmonella bacteriuria outbreaks.