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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR3 Array.

Rodrigo Achigar1, Martina Scarrone2, Geneviève M Rousseau2,3

  • 1Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay.

Microorganisms
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus thermophilus uses CRISPR systems to fight phages. Ectopic spacer acquisition, where new DNA is inserted incorrectly, occurs in CRISPR3, not just CRISPR1, and still provides phage resistance.

Keywords:
CRISPR-CasStreptococcus pyogenesStreptococcus thermophilusadaptationphages

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacteriophage Research

Background:

  • Streptococcus thermophilus utilizes type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems (CRISPR1 and CRISPR3) for defense against siphophage infections.
  • Spacer acquisition typically occurs at the 5' end of CRISPR arrays, but ectopic acquisition has been observed in CRISPR1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of ectopic spacer acquisition within the CRISPR3 array of S. thermophilus.
  • To determine if ectopic spacer acquisition in CRISPR3 confers phage resistance.
  • To assess the prevalence and implications of ectopic spacer acquisition in CRISPR systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of S. thermophilus strain Uy01 post-infection.
  • Comparative analysis of CRISPR3 content across different S. thermophilus strains.
  • Investigation of spacer integration patterns within CRISPR arrays.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of new spacer acquisition within the CRISPR3 array of S. thermophilus was identified.
  • A specific spacer within the CRISPR3 array was implicated in potentially misguiding the adaptation complex.
  • Ectopic spacer acquisition was confirmed as a common occurrence in both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems, providing phage resistance.
  • Natural occurrence of ectopic spacer acquisition was observed in Streptococcus pyogenes, suggesting a broader role in type II-A systems.

Conclusions:

  • Ectopic spacer acquisition is a prevalent mechanism in both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems of S. thermophilus, contributing to phage resistance.
  • This phenomenon, observed across different Streptococcus species, highlights the adaptability and plasticity of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Understanding ectopic spacer acquisition provides insights into microbial immune system evolution and phage-bacterial interactions.