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Iodine Absorption in Celiac Children: A Longitudinal Pilot Study.

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Children with newly diagnosed celiac disease often have impaired iodine absorption, with a high rate of iodine deficiency. While a gluten-free diet slightly increases iodine levels, regular iodine intake reinforcement is crucial for celiac patients.

Keywords:
celiac diseaseendocrine consequencesiodinethyroidurinary iodine concentration

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Non-autoimmune thyroid disorders are more prevalent in celiac disease patients.
  • Impaired iodine absorption is a suspected but uninvestigated factor in this association.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding iodine absorption in pediatric celiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate iodine absorption in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with celiac disease.
  • To assess changes in iodine levels during a gluten-free diet (GFD).
  • To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in this population.

Main Methods:

  • 36 pediatric celiac patients were enrolled before starting a GFD.
  • Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 12 months (T2) of GFD.
  • Correlation with histological damage, clinical presentation, thyroid function, and auxological parameters was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, 77.8% of patients exhibited iodine deficiency (UIC: 64 μg/L).
  • UIC showed no significant statistical difference at T1 (76 μg/L) and T2 (89 μg/L) compared to T0.
  • No correlation was found between UIC and disease severity, thyroid function, or growth parameters. No overt hypothyroidism was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric celiac disease is associated with impaired iodine absorption and a high prevalence of iodine deficiency.
  • A GFD leads to a slight, non-significant increase in iodine levels.
  • Regular reinforcement of adequate iodine intake is recommended for celiac patients to mitigate deficiency risks.