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Pneumococcal Disease Prevention: Are We on the Right Track?
Nicola Principi1, Susanna Esposito2
1Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Vaccines
|April 3, 2021
Summary
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduced disease but led to serotype replacement. New vaccines are needed to combat emerging strains, though current PCVs remain crucial for preventing pneumococcal infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- * *Streptococcus pneumoniae* diseases significantly impacted public health globally.
- * The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) marked a turning point in managing these infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the historical impact of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases (nIPDs).
- * To analyze the phenomenon of serotype replacement following PCV introduction.
- * To discuss the need for next-generation pneumococcal vaccines.
Main Methods:
- * Retrospective analysis of disease incidence data.
- * Review of vaccine efficacy studies.
- * Examination of serotype distribution trends.
Main Results:
- * PCV7 significantly reduced IPDs and nIPDs caused by vaccine serotypes (STs).
- * Serotype replacement was observed, with an increase in IPDs/nIPDs caused by non-vaccine STs.
- * PCV10 and PCV13 also faced challenges with emerging STs and limited effectiveness against specific serotypes like ST3 and non-encapsulated strains.
Conclusions:
- * While current PCVs offer substantial benefits, they have not eliminated pneumococcal diseases due to serotype replacement.
- * Development of next-generation *S. pneumoniae* vaccines targeting conserved antigens is crucial for broad protection.
- * Continued use of existing PCVs is recommended due to their proven efficacy in reducing overall disease burden.
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