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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation
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Islet Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Approaches.

Fiona M Docherty1, Lori Sussel1

  • 1Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes involves beta cell loss. Research explores stimulating beta cell regeneration, neogenesis, and generating cells from stem cells to restore glucose homeostasis.

Keywords:
beta celldiabetesisletpancreasregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and metabolic diseases
  • Cell biology and regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Type 1 and type 2 diabetes feature progressive beta cell loss, impairing glucose homeostasis.
  • The adult pancreas has limited regenerative capacity, hindering cell replacement therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for beta cell regeneration and generation.
  • To explore endogenous and exogenous approaches for restoring beta cell mass.

Main Methods:

  • Review of endogenous mechanisms of beta cell regeneration (steady state, stress, disease).
  • Analysis of strategies to stimulate endogenous regeneration and transdifferentiation.
  • Evaluation of exogenous methods for beta cell generation and transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Limited endogenous pancreatic regeneration necessitates alternative strategies.
  • Beta cell proliferation, neogenesis, and stem cell-derived beta cells are key research areas.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple approaches are being investigated to overcome beta cell loss in diabetes.
  • Regenerative medicine holds promise for future diabetes treatments.