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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Antimicrobial Hexaaquacopper(II) Complexes with Novel Polyiodide Chains.

Zehra Edis1,2, Radhika Raheja3, Samir Haj Bloukh2,4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

Polymers
|April 3, 2021
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Summary

A novel copper-pentaiodide complex exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, offering a stable and effective alternative to traditional biocides. This complex demonstrates significant inhibition against fungi and bacteria.

Keywords:
antimicrobial agentscoppercrown-ethercrystal structurehalogen bondingpolymeric pentaiodides

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Antimicrobial Agents

Background:

  • Iodine (I2) and copper (Cu) are non-toxic inorganic antimicrobial agents with biocidal potential.
  • Iodine's instability and uncontrolled release limit its effectiveness.
  • Polymeric polyiodides offer a strategy to stabilize iodine and improve its efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel copper-pentaiodide complex.
  • To investigate the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized complex.
  • To explore the unique crystal structure of the complex.

Main Methods:

  • Facile, in-vitro synthesis of the copper-pentaiodide complex [Cu(H2O)6(12-crown-4)5]I6 · 2I2.
  • Structural verification of the synthesized compound.
  • Agar well and disc-diffusion assays against nine microbial reference strains, including *C. albicans* and various pathogens.

Main Results:

  • The chemical structure of [Cu(H2O)6(12-crown-4)5]I6 · 2I2 was successfully verified.
  • The stable complex demonstrated excellent inhibition zones against *C. albicans* WDCM 00054.
  • Strong antibacterial activities were observed against several pathogenic microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized copper-pentaiodide complex is a potent antimicrobial agent.
  • The complex possesses a unique crystal structure with cationic and anionic substructures.
  • This compound represents a promising stable alternative for biocidal applications.