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The Italian Pain Questionnaire.

G De Benedittis¹, R Massel, R Nobili

¹Pain Research and Treatment Unit, Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Milan, 20123 MilanItaly.

|April 1, 1988

Summary

The Italian Pain Questionnaire (IPQ) was developed to address cross-cultural semantic barriers in pain assessment. This validated tool offers a culturally relevant and statistically sound method for evaluating pain in Italian-speaking populations.

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Area of Science:

Pain research
Psychometrics
Cross-cultural adaptation

Background:

Literal translation of pain assessment tools can create semantic barriers.
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is a widely used pain assessment tool.
A culturally adapted version is needed for non-English speaking populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Italian Pain Questionnaire (IPQ).
To overcome cross-cultural semantic barriers in pain assessment.
To create a culturally relevant and statistically sound pain descriptor vocabulary for Italians.

Main Methods:

The IPQ was developed based on the 3 factorial structures of the MPQ: sensory, affective, and evaluative.
A visual analogue scale (VAS) and a 5-point Present Pain Intensity (PPI) scale were used.
Two groups of 80 subjects each were involved in selecting and validating pain descriptors from a pool of 203 words.

Main Results:

The IPQ includes 42 pain descriptors categorized into sensory, affective, and evaluative classes.
Descriptors were selected based on word frequency and statistically significant intensity changes (P < 0.05).
The final vocabulary is parsimonious, meaningful, and idiomatic for Italian speakers.

Conclusions:

The IPQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain in Italian-speaking individuals.
It maintains structural parallels with the MPQ while being culturally adapted.
The IPQ provides quantitative pain information suitable for statistical analysis.

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