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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

130
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
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PDGFRα: Expression and Function during Mitral Valve Morphogenesis.

Kelsey Moore1, Diana Fulmer1, Lilong Guo1

  • 1Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Suite 601 Basic Science Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) stabilizes heart valve endocardium during development. Its absence causes mitral valve prolapse-like defects by promoting cell transformation.

Keywords:
ERK1/2PDGFRαcardiac developmentendothelialmitral valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvular heart disease with potential severe complications.
  • Recent findings link MVP to mutations in primary cilia genes, suggesting a role for cilia in disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) in heart valve development.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which PDGFRα influences valve structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically modified mice with conditional Pdgfra ablation.
  • Employed biochemical assays and high-resolution microscopy for detailed analysis.
  • Conducted in vitro cell culture experiments to assess signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • PDGFRα expression is dynamic during valve development, initially widespread and later restricted to the endocardium.
  • Conditional Pdgfra ablation resulted in enlarged, hypercellular valve leaflets with disrupted endothelial integrity and altered extracellular matrix.
  • In vitro studies showed PDGFRα suppresses ERK1/2 activation and promotes AKT phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

  • PDGFRα is crucial for stabilizing the valve endocardium during development.
  • PDGFRα acts through an AKT/ERK signaling pathway to prevent mesenchymal transformation and mitigate disease phenotypes.
  • These findings identify PDGFRα as a key regulator in preventing mitral valve prolapse-related pathologies.