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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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19% Efficient P3CT-Na Based MAPbI3 Solar Cells with a Simple Double-Filtering Process.

Shou-En Chiang1, Qi-Bin Ke1, Anjali Chandel1

  • 1Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.

Polymers
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A double-filtering process significantly boosts the efficiency of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) solar cells by improving the hole transport layer (P3CT-Na) and MAPbI3 film quality. This method enhances power conversion efficiency and short-circuit current density.

Keywords:
MAPbI3 solar cellsP3CT-Na thin filmdouble-filtering processinterfacial contactzetapotentials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells offer promising photovoltaic performance.
  • Efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) are crucial for optimizing solar cell efficiency.
  • The properties of the HTL can significantly influence the morphology and performance of the perovskite layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a high-efficiency inverted-type MAPbI3 solar cell using an ultrathin poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl]-Na (P3CT-Na) film as the HTL.
  • To investigate the impact of a double-filtering process on the P3CT-Na solution and its subsequent effect on solar cell performance.
  • To elucidate the role of the P3CT-Na thin film in the formation of high-quality MAPbI3 films and the interface properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of inverted-type MAPbI3 solar cells with P3CT-Na as the HTL.
  • Application of a double-filtering process to the P3CT-Na solution prior to film deposition.
  • Characterization using zeta potentials, atomic-force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of light intensity-dependent and wavelength-dependent photovoltaic performance.

Main Results:

  • The averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 11.72% to 18.92% after applying the double-filtering process.
  • The short-circuit current density (Jsc) significantly improved from 19.43 to 23.88 mA/cm2.
  • The double-filtering process enhanced the molecular packing of the P3CT-Na film, leading to improved MAPbI3 film formation and interface quality.
  • PCE values exceeding 30% were observed in the yellow-to-near-infrared range under low light intensities for optimized cells.

Conclusions:

  • The double-filtering method is effective in enhancing the PCE of P3CT-Na based MAPbI3 solar cells.
  • The P3CT-Na thin film acts not only as an HTL but also plays a critical role in the formation of high-quality MAPbI3 films.
  • The double-filtering technique is a promising and readily applicable method for improving the efficiency of polymer-based solar cells.