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Bat Influenza Viruses: Current Status and Perspective.

Wenyu Yang1,2, Tony Schountz3, Wenjun Ma1,2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

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|April 3, 2021
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Summary

Bats harbor diverse influenza viruses, including unique zoonotic strains like H17N10 and H18N11 in New World bats. Research using infectious clones reveals their distinct biology, differing from typical influenza A viruses found in Old World bats.

Keywords:
bat influenza virusesperspectivevirus replication in vitro and in vivozoonotic potential

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Bat Immunology

Background:

  • Bats serve as natural reservoirs for numerous viruses, posing potential zoonotic risks.
  • Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been identified in both New World and Old World bat populations.
  • Unique bat-derived IAVs, such as H17N10 and H18N11, exhibit distinct biological characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of influenza A viruses identified in bats.
  • To discuss the unique features and implications of bat-derived influenza viruses.
  • To provide perspectives on future research directions for bat influenza.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bat-associated influenza A viruses.
  • Analysis of data from virus isolation and characterization studies.
  • Utilizing infectious clone technology to study viral biology.

Main Results:

  • Two unusual influenza A virus subtypes, H17N10 and H18N11, were discovered in New World bats.
  • These viruses possess unique biological features distinct from other known influenza A viruses.
  • An H9N2-like influenza A virus isolated from Old World bats shares characteristics with conventional influenza A viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Bats harbor a diverse range of influenza A viruses with varying characteristics.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the zoonotic potential and evolutionary significance of bat influenza viruses.
  • Infectious clone technology is a valuable tool for elucidating the biology of novel influenza viruses.