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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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IgA-Dominant Infection-Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Aurora Pérez1, Isidro Torregrosa1, Luis D'Marco1

  • 1Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

Viruses
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause kidney injury. This study details the first case of IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis (IgA-DIAGN) linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2acute kidney injuryglomerulonephritis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing COVID-19, has been associated with various organ involvements, including the kidneys.
  • Renal injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection is often tubular, linked to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, but glomerular involvement is also reported.
  • Potential mechanisms for renal damage include direct viral injury, cytokine storm, and immune dysregulation.

Observation:

  • A patient developed acute kidney injury and de novo nephrotic syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Renal biopsy revealed histological findings suggestive of acute IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis (IgA-DIAGN).
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the renal tissue.

Findings:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of IgA-DIAGN associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • The findings suggest SARS-CoV-2 can trigger glomerular inflammation and nephrotic syndrome.
  • The virus may act as a superantigen, initiating a multisystem inflammatory response.

Implications:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to novel forms of glomerulonephritis, expanding the spectrum of COVID-19-related kidney diseases.
  • Understanding the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-associated kidney injury is crucial for patient management.
  • This highlights the potential for viral antigens to trigger autoimmune-like glomerular diseases.