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Cytocompatibility and Suitability of Protein-Based Biomaterials as Potential Candidates for Corneal Tissue
Cristina Romo-Valera1, Pedro Guerrero2,3, Jon Arluzea1
1Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 3, 2021
Summary
Researchers assessed protein-based biomaterials as potential corneal scaffolds. Lactose-crosslinked gelatin films showed promising optical and biological properties for corneal bioengineering, supporting cell growth and regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Ocular Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Millions suffer vision impairment globally, with a shortage of corneal donors necessitating tissue substitutes.
- Protein-based biomaterials are being explored for their potential to mimic native corneal tissue and promote regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate protein-based biomaterials for in vitro corneal scaffold applications.
- To assess the physicochemical, optical, and biological properties of collagen, soy protein isolate (SPI), and gelatin films.
Main Methods:
- Films of collagen, SPI, and gelatin were prepared and cross-linked with lactose or citric acid.
- Physicochemical, transmittance, and degradation analyses were conducted.
- In vitro cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and migration studies used human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and 3T3 fibroblasts.
Main Results:
- Transmittance values met corneal requirements.
- Films exhibited progressive decomposition in degradation assays.
- SPI and gelatin films maintained over 70% cell viability at 72 hours.
- SEM and live/dead assays confirmed cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration on the films.
Conclusions:
- Protein-based biomaterials show potential for corneal scaffolds.
- Lactose-crosslinked gelatin films possess suitable optical and biological properties for corneal bioengineering.
- Further investigation into these biomaterials could advance corneal regenerative medicine.
Keywords:
SPIbiodegradabilitycollagencorneal scaffoldscross-linkingcytocompatibilitygelatinoptical properties
