High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease:...

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Lipid Metabolism
• Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

• The relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis is complex, involving multiple atheroprotective functions.
• HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key HDL function, is a superior cardiovascular risk predictor compared to plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.
• HDL CEC is diminished in numerous conditions associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in various pathological conditions.
• To explore the genetic and pathophysiologic aspects underlying impaired HDL CEC.
• To discuss potential strategies for modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle, nutraceutical, and pharmacological interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent human studies.
• Analysis of genetic and pathophysiologic data related to HDL CEC.
• Synthesis of information on interventions impacting HDL CEC.

Main Results:

• HDL CEC is impaired across a spectrum of diseases linked to high cardiovascular risk.
• Evidence suggests HDL CEC is a more accurate biomarker of cardiovascular risk than HDL-C.
• Various interventions, including lifestyle changes and pharmacological agents, show potential for modulating HDL CEC.

Conclusions:

• HDL CEC is a promising biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment.
• Modulating HDL CEC represents a potential therapeutic strategy for novel cardiovascular treatments.
• Further research is warranted to validate HDL CEC as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target.