Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

285
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
285
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

359
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
359
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

539
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
539
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

546
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
546
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

2.2K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
2.2K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

80
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
80

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Profiling the long-term risk of severe adverse events in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with different treatment sequences: Results from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Registry (I-MS&RD) (ProSA study).

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Where do we stand today?

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Perturbational complexity index detects subclinical cortical changes in early multiple sclerosis.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

A predictive tool for early treatment escalation after initiation of moderate-efficacy therapy in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Use of High-Efficacy Therapy in Children With Multiple Sclerosis to Prevent Long-Term Disability.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Disability profiles in progressive multiple sclerosis reflect pathology distribution, independent of clinical phenotype.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates State-Dependent Prioritization of Distressed Conspecifics.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Hemispherotomy for Pediatric Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

When Robots Learn: Artificial Intelligence and the Next Human-Centered Era of Neurorehabilitation.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Association Between Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Beyond Ventricular Enlargement: Multimodal MRI Assessment Improves Surgical Decision-Making in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Effects of Personalized Observation, Execution, and Mental Imagery (POEM) Therapy in Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Telepractice-Based Single-Case Study.

Brain sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.4K

Cognitive Issues in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.

Emilio Portaccio1,2, Ermelinda De Meo3, Angelo Bellinvia1

  • 1Section Neurosciences, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Brain Sciences
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) impairs cognition in about a third of young patients. Understanding disease effects on brain growth and maturation is key to developing effective treatments for cognitive dysfunction.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentmagnetic resonance imagingpediatric multiple sclerosis

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.7K
Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 10, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.4K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.7K
Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary cause of disability in young adults.
  • Pediatric MS patients are vulnerable to cognitive impairment due to disease damage and impaired brain development.
  • Cognitive impairment affects roughly one-third of pediatric MS patients, but definitions and affected domains vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the heterogeneity in defining and assessing cognitive impairment in pediatric MS.
  • To investigate the role of impaired brain growth and maturation in cognitive dysfunction.
  • To explore potential risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cognitive impairment in pediatric MS.
  • Analysis of MRI findings, including brain compartment damage and network activation.
  • Emphasis on longitudinal studies examining brain growth and maturation alongside cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive impairment is consistently reported in pediatric MS, but definitions and affected domains lack uniformity.
  • Disease-related damage and, importantly, failure of age-expected brain growth and maturation contribute to cognitive dysfunction.
  • Mood disorders like depression and anxiety are common and negatively impact quality of life and academic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneity in research methods hinders large-scale collaborative studies.
  • Multimodal MRI studies are needed to link specific metrics to cognitive impairment.
  • Further research is required to characterize cognitive profiles, identify neuroanatomical substrates, and understand longitudinal evolution for better therapeutic strategies.