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Physiological and Immunological Changes Associated with Oral Microbiota When Using a Thermoplastic Retainer
Wurood Kh Al-Lehaibi1, Khulood A Al-Makhzomi2, Hani Sh Mohammed3
1Department of Pedodontic, Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10011, Iraq.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
Summary
Thermoplastic retainers alter the oral environment by changing pH and secretory IgA levels. They also influence oral microbiota, with Streptococcus mutans showing higher adherence and resistance to chlorhexidine (CHX).
Area of Science:
- Oral Microbiology
- Immunology
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Thermoplastic retainers are commonly used in orthodontic treatment.
- The impact of these retainers on the oral cavity's microbial, physiological, and immunological aspects requires thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the changes in oral microbiota, pH, and secretory IgA levels in patients using thermoplastic retainers over three months.
- To assess the susceptibility of oral bacteria to chlorhexidine (CHX) and their adhesion to retainer surfaces.
Main Methods:
- Collected saliva and tooth swabs from patients using retainers and healthy controls.
- Isolated and identified bacterial species, measuring their susceptibility to CHX.
- Quantified colonies of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans.
- Compared pH and secretory IgA levels between groups.
Main Results:
- Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were predominant bacteria.
- Raoultella ornithinolytica exhibited higher CHX resistance, while Lactobacillus spp. showed greater sensitivity.
- Streptococcus mutans colonies were more abundant and demonstrated higher adherence to retainers.
- Significant differences in pH and IgA levels were observed by the third month.
Conclusions:
- Thermoplastic retainers significantly alter the oral cavity environment.
- These changes include shifts in microbial composition and immune response, potentially impacting oral health.
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