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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

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Published on: March 5, 2020
Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males
Tomasz Milecki1, Natalia Majchrzak2, Adam Balcerek1
1Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland.
Introduction:
Epidemiological data indicate an increased incidence of testicular cancer (TC), making it the most common malignant tumor in men from aged 15-45. Oncological and urological associations recommend that men with specific TC risk factors should regularly perform a testicular self-exam (TSE). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE.
Methods:
An original survey containing 21 questions was used to conduct a study among the Polish branch of VW (Volkswagen Poland) employees.
Results:
A total of 522 fully completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men's intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5-23.0), GP's(General Practitioner) recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.2-14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1-5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.6).
Conclusions:
Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Further action is needed to improve men's awareness of TC and TSE.
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