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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Non-Target Effects of dsRNA Molecules in Hemipteran Insects.

Arinder K Arora1, Seung Ho Chung1, Angela E Douglas1,2

  • 1Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

Genes
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) pest control requires precise double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequence matching. This study shows heterologous dsRNA is ineffective against related insect pests, suggesting sequence identity is crucial for RNAi efficacy.

Keywords:
Acyrthosiphon pisumBemisia tabaciMyzus persicaePseudococcus maritimusRNAi specificitynon-target organismsnucleases of insectsplant sap-feeding insectssequence-non-specific RNAi

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising tool for insect pest control via gene silencing.
  • The efficacy of RNAi can be reduced by sequence mismatches and sequence-non-specific effects.
  • Understanding species-specificity is crucial for developing effective and safe RNAi-based pest control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the species-specificity of RNAi in plant sap-feeding hemipteran pests.
  • To determine the requirement for maximal dsRNA sequence identity for effective gene knockdown in target pest species.
  • To assess the risk of heterologous dsRNA to non-target sap-feeding hemipterans.

Main Methods:

  • Dietary administration of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting nuclease (NUC) genes in aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs.
  • Quantification of NUC gene expression following treatment with homologous (perfect sequence identity) and heterologous (related but non-identical sequence) dsRNAs.
  • Assessment of sequence-non-specific feeding suppression by dsRNA at varying concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Sequence-non-specific suppression of aphid feeding was observed at dsRNA concentrations of 0.5 µg µL⁻¹.
  • Homologous dsRNA significantly reduced NUC gene expression in target aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs.
  • Heterologous dsRNA did not significantly reduce NUC gene expression in any of the tested insect species, even with high sequence identity.

Conclusions:

  • Maximal dsRNA sequence identity is essential for effective RNAi-mediated gene knockdown in target pest species.
  • Heterologous dsRNAs, at appropriate concentrations, pose a limited risk to non-target sap-feeding hemipterans due to inefficient gene silencing.
  • These findings highlight the importance of sequence specificity in designing RNAi-based pest control agents.