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Visual Side Effects Linked to Sildenafil Consumption: An Update.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Retinal Science

Background:

  • Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, like sildenafil (Viagra), are used for erectile dysfunction (ED) by increasing blood flow.
  • Sildenafil also affects PDE6 in the eye, potentially causing visual side effects.
  • Previous studies indicate mild, transient visual disturbances in some patients taking sildenafil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of visual disorders induced by sildenafil.
  • To summarize clinical trial data on sildenafil's ocular effects.
  • To identify patient groups at higher risk for visual side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases (1990-2020).
  • Focus on pathophysiology and clinical trial data of sildenafil-induced visual disorders.
  • Analysis of reported ocular side effects and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Sildenafil is associated with transient, reversible ocular side effects: altered color vision, blurred vision, photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia, keratitis, and electroretinogram (ERG) changes.
  • Potential for reversible increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) and rare reports of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).
  • Reversible macular detachment, central serous retinopathy, and ERG disturbances linked to retinal perfusion effects.

Conclusions:

  • Sildenafil generally does not cause permanent retinal toxicity at therapeutic doses under medical supervision.
  • Recreational use of sildenafil may increase the risk of adverse visual effects.
  • Patients should adhere to prescribed dosages and physician guidance to minimize ocular risks.