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Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure.

Tareq Hussein^1,2, Jakob Löndahl³, Sara Thuresson³

¹Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|April 3, 2021

Summary

Inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 is a significant indoor transmission risk. Poor ventilation drastically increases inhaled virus dose rates, highlighting the importance of air exchange for reducing exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2 expiratory droplet indoor aerosol modeling inhaled dose

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Infectious Disease Transmission
Aerosol Science

Background:

Respiratory virus transmission, particularly via inhalation, is crucial in indoor settings.
The precise inhalation risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains incompletely understood.
Indoor aerosol transport models are essential for quantifying exposure risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To model the indoor transport and deposition of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols.
To assess the inhaled dose rate of SARS-CoV-2 particles from an infected individual to a susceptible person.
To compare transmission risks under different ventilation rates and recipient demographics.

Main Methods:

Utilized an indoor aerosol model coupled with a regional inhaled deposited dose model.
Simulated aerosol transport from a COVID-19 infected source to a recipient.
Compared scenarios with varying ventilation rates (0.5 h⁻¹ vs. 3 h⁻¹) and recipient sex.

Main Results:

In poorly ventilated rooms (0.5 h⁻¹), deposited dose rates ranged from 100-350 viruses/hour.
Improved ventilation (3 h⁻¹) significantly reduced dose rates to 30-90 viruses/hour.
Adjusting for SARS-CoV-2 half-life in air reduced dose rates by 1.1-2.2 times depending on ventilation.

Conclusions:

Indoor ventilation rates critically influence the inhaled dose of SARS-CoV-2.
Quantifying aerosol transport aids in understanding inhalation transmission dynamics.
Further data on virus emission and infectious dose are needed for a complete risk assessment.