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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Non-Coding RNAs in Hereditary Kidney Disorders.

Julie Xia Zhou1, Xiaogang Li2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, play a key role in inherited kidney diseases like autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Targeting these microRNAs offers potential therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for ADPKD and other genetic kidney disorders.

Keywords:
Genetic kidney diseasePKDmicroRNAnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Single-gene defects are increasingly identified as causes of inherited kidney diseases.
  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a common genetic disorder, results from mutations in PKD1 or PKD2.
  • Limited therapeutic options exist for ADPKD due to complex cystogenesis mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of noncoding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and other monogenic kidney diseases.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for inherited kidney diseases.
  • To consolidate current understanding of noncoding RNA involvement in renal cyst development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on noncoding RNAs in polycystic kidney disease and other monogenic kidney diseases.
  • Analysis of research investigating the mechanisms by which miRNAs influence cystic renal epithelial cells.
  • Examination of studies exploring miRNA antagonists as therapeutic agents and miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in promoting PKD progression by affecting PKD gene expression and regulating cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • miRNA antagonists show promise as potential therapeutic drugs for ADPKD.
  • miRNAs are being investigated as biomarkers for ADPKD and other hereditary kidney diseases like Alport syndrome and Fabry disease.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs, are crucial in the pathogenesis of ADPKD and other monogenic kidney diseases.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions and diagnostic tools in inherited nephropathies.
  • Further research into noncoding RNAs will advance our understanding and treatment of genetic kidney disorders.