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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Across the Hall from Pioneers.

Alan Rein1

  • 1HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Research on retroviral proteins revealed key functions of zinc fingers in RNA packaging and Gag protein membrane association. Gammaretroviruses activate Env fusogenicity via cytoplasmic tail truncation during maturation.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Retroviral Protein Function

Background:

  • The Stephen Oroszlan lab at the US National Cancer Institute conducted groundbreaking research on retroviral proteins from ~1982 to 1995.
  • This research uncovered critical protein features not predictable from sequence data alone.

Discussion:

  • Investigated the role of zinc fingers in nucleocapsid proteins for genomic RNA encapsidation.
  • Examined the significance of N-terminal myristylation of Gag proteins for plasma membrane association during retroviral particle assembly.
  • Elucidated the mechanism of translational suppression in gammaretroviral pol gene expression, highlighting its unique nature compared to other retroviral genera.

Key Insights:

  • Demonstrated the crucial role of zinc fingers in nucleocapsid proteins for effective genomic RNA encapsidation.
Keywords:
HIVpost-translational modificationsretrovirusestranslational suppressionviral proteinsvirus maturation

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  • Established the importance of N-terminal myristylation of Gag proteins for their localization to the plasma membrane prior to particle assembly.
  • Revealed that gammaretroviruses activate Env protein fusogenicity by truncating the transmembrane protein's cytoplasmic tail during maturation, starting from an inactive precursor.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into the precise mechanisms of retroviral protein interactions and their roles in the viral life cycle.
    • Exploring the unique translational suppression mechanisms in gammaretroviruses for potential therapeutic targets.
    • Investigating the structural and functional implications of Env protein activation for viral entry and infectivity.