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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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In Vivo Osteo-organoid Approach for Harvesting Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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Autoimmune Complications in Hematologic Neoplasms.

Wilma Barcellini1, Juri Alessandro Giannotta1, Bruno Fattizzo1,2

  • 1Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Cancers
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune cytopenias and diseases complicate cancer treatment, affecting up to 30% of patients. Recognizing and managing these conditions is crucial for improving outcomes in onco-hematologic patients.

Keywords:
autoimmune hemolytic anemiachronic lymphocytic leukemiachronic myelomonocytic leukemiaimmune thrombocytopenialymphomamyelodysplastic syndromemyeloproliferative neoplasmsrheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosusvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Onco-hematology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune cytopenias (AICy) and autoimmune diseases (AID) frequently complicate lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms.
  • While common AICy like autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are recognized, rarer forms and associated AID are often overlooked.
  • These conditions pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the occurrence of AICy and AID in various onco-hematologic conditions over the past 30 years.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and clinical management difficulties posed by these autoimmune complications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of the last 30 years.
  • Analysis of the incidence of AICy/AID in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphomas, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute leukemias.
  • Inclusion of data on AICy/AID in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant or treated with checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • AICy occur in up to 10% of CLL and more frequently in certain non-Hodgkin lymphomas; less than 1% in low-risk MDS and CMML.
  • AID affect up to 30% of myeloid and lymphoid cancer patients, including severe immune-mediated hemostatic disorders.
  • AICy/AID are present in approximately 10% of patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant or checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • AICy and AID are significant complications in onco-hematologic conditions, impacting diagnosis and treatment.
  • Rarer AICy and associated AID require greater recognition and understanding.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to address these challenges in immunocompromised cancer patients.