Mitochondria and the permeability transition pore in cancer metabolic reprogramming

Mitochondria are a major source of ATP provision as well as cellular suicidal weapon store. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that mitochondrial bioenergetics, biosynthesis and signaling are important mediators of tumorigenesis. Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cell reprogramming to cope with cellular and environmental alterations, a process requires mitochondria biology. Mitochondrial metabolism emerges to be a promising arena for cancer therapeutic targets. The permeability transition pore (PTP) participates in physiological Ca²⁺ and ROS homeostasis as well as cell death depending on the open state. The hypothesis that PTP forms from F-ATP synthase provides clues to the potential collaborative role of mitochondrial respiration and PTP in regulating cancer cell fate and metabolic reprogramming.