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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Published on: June 6, 2018

Monitoring atmospheric ⁸⁵Kr by atom counting.

Chao Gao¹, Si-Yu Liu¹, Jie D Feng¹

¹Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

|April 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new ultra-sensitive method to count individual radioactive Krypton-85 (Kr-85) atoms in the atmosphere. This breakthrough enables precise environmental monitoring and supports a global Kr-85 detection network.

Keywords:

Atmospheric (85)Kr monitoring Atmospheric transport model Atom trap trace analysis Radiokrypton dating

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Area of Science:

Nuclear Physics
Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Radioactive Krypton-85 (Kr-85) is a significant gaseous fission product released by nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Atmospheric Kr-85 measurements are crucial for environmental monitoring, validating atmospheric transport models, and dating water samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an ultra-sensitive method for rapid analysis of atmospheric Kr-85.
To enable the counting of individual Kr-85 atoms for high-precision measurements.

Main Methods:

Utilizing laser cooling and trapping techniques for atom counting.
Developing a system for continuous air sampling over extended periods (days to weeks).
Implementing a portable air sample integrator for baseline monitoring.

Main Results:

Achieved ultra-sensitive analysis of atmospheric Kr-85 at the 10^-5 parts per trillion level.
Demonstrated capability to count individual Kr-85 atoms with 3% precision on 1L STP air samples in 1.5 hours.
Conducted continuous atmospheric Kr-85 baseline monitoring for over 20 months in Hefei, China.

Conclusions:

The presented atom-counting technology offers a significant advancement in atmospheric Kr-85 analysis.
This technology paves the way for establishing a global atmospheric Kr-85 monitoring network.
The method provides fast, precise, and sensitive measurements essential for environmental and atmospheric studies.