HYPODYNAMIA AS A FACTOR MODIFYING FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN PLACENTA

The aim: Study of the functional morphology of placenta in a sedentary lifestyle of a woman during pregnancy.

Materials and methods: Object of the study: placentas obtained as a result of deliveries at term from women, urban residents, aged 20-40 years old, leading a sedentary lifestyle, and patients with a sufficiently high level of physical activity, the criteria of which corresponded to WHO recommendations. Immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the placentas were carried out, followed by statistical analysis.

Results: Prerequisites for reducing the efficacy of the functioning of fetoplacental complex with a sedentary lifestyle were sclerosis, the formation of intervillous fibrinoid and fibrinoid substitution of terminal villi. The inclusion of compensatory mechanisms in the form of placental hypertrophy, angiomatosis, sinusoidal transformation of the capillaries of terminal villi, thinning of the syncytiocapillary membrane associated with an increase in the content of von Willebrand factor in the villus syncytiotrophoblast, in aggregate, normalizes the exchange between maternal and fetal blood and creates certain prerequisites for the successful completion of pregnancy. However, thinning of the syncytiocapillary membrane increases the risk of rupture and direct contact of the internal media of the mother and the fetus.

Conclusions: Sedentary lifestyle of a pregnant woman leads to structural and functional changes in the placenta, which can be a serious prerequisite for the development ofpathological abnormalities in the function of the "mother-placenta-fetus" system. To a certain extent, these changes are leveled due to compensatory processes in the placenta, the margin of efficacy of which needs further investigation.