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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Molluscan mitochondrial genomes break the rules.

Fabrizio Ghiselli1, André Gomes-Dos-Santos2, Coen M Adema3

  • 1Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mollusc mitochondrial genomes show extreme diversity, challenging the standard animal model. This variation offers new insights into mitochondrial evolution, inheritance, and function.

Keywords:
doubly uniparental inheritanceevolutiongenomemitochondriamollusc

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • The 'textbook description' of animal mitochondrial genomes is based on limited vertebrate and model organism data.
  • Broad phylogenetic sampling reveals significant exceptions to this standard model across the animal kingdom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the extraordinary variation in molluscan mitochondrial genomes.
  • To highlight novel biological processes and functions within these genomes.
  • To underscore their utility in studying evolution, phylogeny, and population biology.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of complete mollusc mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes).
  • Analysis of genomic architecture, molecular functioning, and inheritance patterns.
  • Review of existing literature on molluscan mitogenomes.

Main Results:

  • Molluscan mitogenomes exhibit wide size variation, radical rearrangements, and gene duplications/losses.
  • Novel genes and a complex 'doubly uniparental inheritance' system are observed.
  • These genomes present numerous deviations from the established animal mitochondrial genome model.

Conclusions:

  • Molluscan mitochondrial genomes are a rich source for discovering novel biological insights.
  • They serve as a valuable model system for understanding mitochondrial evolution and function.
  • Studying these genomes aids in phylogeny and population biology research.