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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Screening for Cognitive Dysfunction in Amphetamine Users in Saudi Arabia; a Case-control Investigation Using

Mugtaba Osman1, Ryan Abdu Asiri1, Salman Eidhah Almalki1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amphetamine use significantly impairs cognitive functions like memory and attention. Heavy and prolonged amphetamine use is linked to worse cognitive decline, impacting therapeutic interventions for users.

Keywords:
Amphetamine useArabic ACESaudi Arabiacognitive dysfunctionmemory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Amphetamine abuse is a global concern.
  • Cognitive deficits are common in amphetamine users.
  • The impact of usage duration and quantity on cognitive decline requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cognitive functioning in amphetamine users in Saudi Arabia.
  • To identify correlates of cognitive performance related to amphetamine use duration and amount.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing amphetamine users (n=50) and controls (n=50).
  • Utilized an Arabic adaptation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE).
  • Controlled for psychiatric and sociodemographic variables.

Main Results:

  • Amphetamine users showed poorer performance in attention, memory, language, fluency, and visuospatial domains compared to controls.
  • Heavy and prolonged amphetamine use correlated with worse cognitive outcomes.
  • Lower doses of amphetamine were not associated with significant cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Amphetamine use is associated with significant cognitive impairment in the Saudi Arabian population.
  • Cognitive deficits in amphetamine users necessitate tailored therapeutic interventions.
  • Findings highlight the dose- and duration-dependent nature of amphetamine's neurotoxic effects.