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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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The microbiome: Composition and locations.

Megan S Kennedy1, Eugene B Chang2

  • 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human body hosts diverse microbes that vary by location. These symbiotic microbial communities are shaped by dispersal and host selection, influencing health across different body sites.

Keywords:
BiogeographyCommunity assemblyCompositionGutHuman microbiomeRegionalRespiratory tractSkinVagina

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Microbiome Research
  • Symbiotic Relationships

Background:

  • The human body harbors a complex ecosystem of symbiotic microbes.
  • Microbial community composition varies significantly across different body sites and spatial scales.
  • Both random (stochastic) and directed (deterministic) factors influence microbial community assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition, function, and assembly of healthy human microbiomes.
  • To emphasize the regional distribution of microbes within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To explore factors influencing microbial consortia, including dispersal and host selection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on human microbiomes.
  • Analysis of factors affecting microbial community structure.
  • Focus on gastrointestinal, skin, vaginal, and respiratory tract microbiomes.

Main Results:

  • Human microbiomes are diverse and functionally significant.
  • Microbial communities exhibit predictable spatial variation.
  • Host-specific processes and dispersal shape microbial composition.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding human microbiome assembly is crucial for health.
  • Regional specificity in the gastrointestinal tract is a key area of focus.
  • Symbiotic microbes play vital roles across various human body sites.