Cryptococcosis in the Vocal Cords, Trachea, and Bronchi

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Pulmonology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Laryngeal and endobronchial cryptococcosis are uncommon fungal infections.
• Previous literature documents limited cases of isolated laryngeal or endobronchial involvement.

Observation:

• This report presents an exceptionally rare case of cryptococcosis affecting both the larynx and endobronchial tree concurrently.
• The patient had a history of asthma and was undergoing treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids.

Findings:

• Simultaneous laryngeal and endobronchial cryptococcosis is an extremely rare clinical presentation.
• High-dose inhaled corticosteroid use in asthma patients may be a risk factor for disseminated airway fungal infections.

Implications:

• Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for cryptococcosis in the airway tract of immunocompromised patients, particularly those on immunosuppressive therapy.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal treatment are crucial for managing airway cryptococcosis.
• This case underscores the need for further research into the pathogenesis and risk factors of airway cryptococcosis.