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Related Concept Videos

Workability of Concrete01:25

Workability of Concrete

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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
Concrete's workability is determined by its resistance to internal forces that arise...
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Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

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Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
198
Placing Concrete01:17

Placing Concrete

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The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final position to avoid segregation. The placed concrete is then fully compacted to expel the entrapped air, and the next layer of concrete is laid while the underlying layer is still in the plastic state. The rate at which concrete is placed and compacted is kept equal.
While placing concrete, care is taken to ensure that the concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling and moving concrete using poker vibrators is avoided. Also,...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
167
Concrete01:20

Concrete

550
Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete01:28

Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete

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Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...
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Concrete services usage on child placement stability: Propensity score matched effects.

Drew E Winters1, Barbara J Pierce1, Teresa M Imburgia2

  • 1Indiana University School of Social Work, 902 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46205, United States.

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Summary

Concrete services improve placement stability for children in out-of-home care. This financial assistance addresses needs, reducing traumatic stress and increasing stability for vulnerable families.

Keywords:
Child welfareConcrete servicesPermanencyPropensity score matchingStability

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Area of Science:

  • Child Welfare Research
  • Family Support Services
  • Social Work Interventions

Background:

  • Poverty and financial difficulties significantly hinder permanency and placement stability for children in out-of-home care.
  • Concrete services aim to address these financial barriers by meeting families' tangible needs.
  • The effectiveness of concrete services as an intervention for children in out-of-home placements remains under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of concrete services on placement stability, traumatic stress, and placement numbers.
  • To determine if concrete services are a viable treatment for children in out-of-home placements.
  • To analyze the association between the amount of concrete service spending and permanency outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of children who received versus did not receive concrete services.
  • Regression analysis to assess the link between concrete service spending and permanency.
  • Propensity score matching to control for confounding variables in testing concrete services as an intervention.

Main Results:

  • Children receiving concrete services had higher needs, greater traumatic stress, and more placements, yet benefited from increased placement stability.
  • Increased spending on concrete services correlated with enhanced placement stability.
  • Children in current out-of-home placements showed improved stability when provided with concrete services.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of concrete services as an effective treatment for improving placement stability in children currently in out-of-home care.
  • Financial support through concrete services, alongside child welfare services, demonstrably enhances a child's placement stability.
  • Findings suggest a need to integrate robust financial support strategies into child welfare services to aid families facing economic hardship.