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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
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ADOS-Eye-Tracking: The Archimedean Point of View and Its Absence in Autism Spectrum Conditions.

Ulrich Max Schaller1,2, Monica Biscaldi1, Anna Burkhardt1

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) show different eye-gaze patterns during social interaction compared to neurotypical individuals. This study used mobile eye-tracking during diagnostic assessments to reveal these unique gaze behaviors in ASC.

Keywords:
autism diagnostic observation scheduleautism spectrum disordereye-trackingface perceptiononline social cognitionsocial cognitionsocial interactionsocial schemas

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Face perception and emotion categorization are typically studied in artificial lab settings.
  • Real social interaction provides a more ecologically valid context for understanding these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in eye-gaze behavior during social interaction in children and adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC).
  • To compare gaze patterns between individuals with ASC, those with unconfirmed ASC diagnoses, and neurotypical development (NTD) during a standardized diagnostic interview.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study utilizing mobile eye-tracking glasses during the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2).
  • Analysis of gaze dwell times on different areas of interest (AOI) of an interviewer's face and body.
  • Inclusion of 65 children and adolescents (ages 8.3-17.9) categorized into ASC, non-ASC, and NTD groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant group differences in gaze behavior were observed, particularly in the central-face area.
  • Neurotypical controls exhibited holistic face processing, focusing on the central-face region.
  • Individuals with ASC avoided the central-face region and displayed unsystematic gaze patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Ecologically valid settings reveal distinct gaze behaviors in individuals with ASC during social interaction.
  • Unlike neurotypical individuals who use the central-face region as a focal point, those with ASC tend to avoid it.
  • Further research is needed to replicate these preliminary findings on gaze behavior in ASC.