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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

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Is Ferroptosis a Future Direction in Exploring Cryptococcal Meningitis?

Xianbin Xu1, Danfeng Lin2, Sheng Tu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) leads to high mortality in HIV patients. This review explores ferroptosis, a cell death pathway involving iron and lipid peroxidation, as a potential therapeutic target for CM.

Keywords:
cryptococcal meningitisferroptosisimmunomodulatory activityinfectioninflammationiron accumulationlipid peroxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a major cause of death in HIV-infected individuals, with high mortality rates despite ongoing treatment advancements.
  • Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, key indicators of ferroptosis, are observed in the brain during CM.
  • Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death process, is implicated in various diseases, including infectious conditions like tuberculosis and COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on ferroptosis in the context of CM.
  • To hypothesize a potential link between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of CM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ferroptosis in CM.
  • Analysis of shared characteristics between ferroptosis and CM pathology.

Main Results:

  • Ferroptosis involves iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and is immunogenic, releasing inflammatory signals.
  • Evidence suggests ferroptosis may contribute to cell death in CM.

Conclusions:

  • Ferroptosis is a plausible mechanism contributing to cell death in CM.
  • Targeting ferroptosis may offer novel therapeutic strategies for CM.