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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
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Immunity to SARS-CoV-2: Lessons Learned.

Jaime Fergie1, Amit Srivastava2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is crucial. This review details immune responses, vaccine efficacy against variants, and long-term protection from COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2duration of protectionimmunityreceptor-binding domainspike proteinsystems serologyvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has prompted extensive research into viral immunity.
  • While most infections confer immunity, understanding its durability and breadth against variants remains critical.
  • Vaccines are available, but ongoing research is needed to assess long-term protection and variant coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines.
  • To explore key SARS-CoV-2 antigens, immune responses, and vaccine development.
  • To discuss the duration of immunity, variant coverage, and insights from novel immunological approaches.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review synthesizing current scientific literature.
  • It analyzes data on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
  • It incorporates findings from clinical trials and systems serology studies.

Main Results:

  • Most individuals develop immunity post-infection, with few reinfections reported.
  • Vaccines show efficacy, but knowledge on durability and variant coverage is evolving.
  • Key antigens like the spike protein are central to vaccine design and immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is complex and influenced by infection and vaccination.
  • Further research is essential to understand long-term immunity, variant impact, and special populations.
  • Systems serology offers valuable insights into protective immune correlates.