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Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers.

Yuting Yang¹, Xing Li¹, Zhenhui Cao¹

¹Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, The People's Republic of China.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

|April 5, 2021

Summary

Long-term heat or cold stress significantly impacts broiler chickens, altering gut microbiota and increasing stress-related gene expression. This research highlights the profound effects of chronic temperature variations on poultry health and immunity.

Keywords:

16S rRNA sequencing KEGG pathway broiler caecal microbial composition temperature

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Microbiology
Environmental Physiology

Background:

Acute temperature stress impacts broiler immunity and gut microbiota.
Long-term temperature stress effects on broiler stress biomarkers and intestinal microbiota are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of long-term ambient temperatures (high, medium, low) on broiler gene expression and caecal microbial composition.
To identify stress biomarkers and alterations in gut microbiota under chronic temperature stress.

Main Methods:

Broilers were exposed to three long-term ambient temperatures: high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC).
Gene expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation-related genes (IL-6, TNF-α, NFKB1) was analyzed.
Caecal microbial composition was assessed using phylogenetic investigation of communities by ribosomal ordering (PICRUSt).

Main Results:

High (HC) and low (LC) temperature groups showed significantly increased levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90) and inflammation markers compared to the medium (MC) group.
Significant shifts in gut microbiota composition were observed, including increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes in HC and LC groups.
Specific bacterial genera like *Escherichia*/*Shigella* increased in HC, *Faecalibacterium* in LC, while *Barnesiella* and *Alistipes* decreased in both HC and LC groups.
Functional analysis indicated enrichment of pathways related to environmental information processing, metabolism, cellular processes, and signaling in stressed groups.

Conclusions:

Long-term temperature stress significantly alters the intestinal microbial communities in broilers.
These microbial changes may impact host immunity and overall health.
Understanding these effects is crucial for managing poultry health under varying environmental conditions.