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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth
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An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

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Autophagy and Cancer Dormancy.

Yunus Akkoc1, Nesibe Peker1, Arzu Akcay2

  • 1Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells can enter a dormant state, evading chemotherapy and causing relapse. Autophagy, a cellular stress response, is crucial for dormant cancer cell survival and reactivation, offering new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
autophagycancerdormancymetastasisrecurrencerelapse

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A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Metastasis and cancer relapse are primary causes of cancer mortality.
  • Dormant cancer cells survive conventional therapies by not dividing.
  • Understanding cancer dormancy mechanisms is critical for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer dormancy.
  • To elucidate the role of autophagy in cancer cell dormancy and reactivation.
  • To highlight autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming cancer recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cancer dormancy.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in cancer cell adaptation and survival.
  • Examination of the role of autophagy in dormant cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • Cancer dormancy allows cells to evade therapies targeting dividing cells.
  • Autophagy is identified as a key cellular mechanism for dormant cancer cell survival.
  • Autophagy facilitates the adaptation, survival, and eventual reactivation of dormant cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer dormancy is a critical factor in treatment failure and relapse.
  • Autophagy plays a significant role in the biology of dormant cancer cells.
  • Targeting autophagy may offer a novel strategy to prevent cancer recurrence.