Case Report: Paratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Urology
• Pathology

Background:

• Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy, comprising only 7% of all RMS cases.
• Limited data exists regarding optimal diagnosis and management strategies for paratesticular tumors, leading to a lack of consensus.
• This study investigates two cases of paratesticular RMS in young adult males.

Observation:

• Patients presented with painless, rapidly growing scrotal masses.
• Tumor markers (β-HCG, AFP, LDH) were not elevated.
• Imaging revealed paratesticular and inguinal lesions, with one case showing local recurrence after prior orchiectomy.

Findings:

• Histologic examination confirmed embryonal RMS (eRMS) without lymph node metastasis in both patients.
• Multidisciplinary assessment and preoperative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy (UNB) are vital for accurate diagnosis.
• Complete surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy form the cornerstone of treatment.

Implications:

• Multidisciplinary team involvement is essential for effective paratesticular RMS detection and management.
• Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy (UNB) enables rapid and confirmatory diagnosis.
• Sperm cryopreservation and endocrine follow-up can enhance long-term survival and quality of life for patients treated for paratesticular RMS.