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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion
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Liver cancer stem cells: Recent progress in basic and clinical research.

Taro Yamashita1, Shuichi Kaneko2

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

Regenerative Therapy
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor growth in liver cancer (HCC). Recent advancements in understanding liver CSCs may improve HCC diagnostics and treatments.

Keywords:
AFP, alpha-fetoproteinAlpha-fetoproteinCD90CSC, cancer stem cellsCancer stem cellsEpCAMHCC, hepatocellular carcinomaHepatocellular carcinomaLG2m, laminin γ2 monomerLaminin gamma 2 monomer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis posits that a small subset of cells drives tumor growth through self-renewal and differentiation.
  • CSCs are implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Despite their importance, clinical applications of liver CSCs in HCC diagnosis and treatment remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce recent advancements in liver CSC research.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of these advancements for HCC.
  • To explore potential improvements in HCC diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent liver CSC research.
  • Analysis of CSC heterogeneity and plasticity in HCC.
  • Discussion of clinical translation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence highlights the critical role of liver CSCs in HCC progression and resistance.
  • Heterogeneity and plasticity of liver CSCs are recognized as key factors in treatment failure.
  • Recent research offers new insights into liver CSC biology.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in liver CSC research hold promise for developing novel diagnostic tools for HCC.
  • Targeting liver CSCs could lead to more effective treatment strategies for HCC.
  • Understanding liver CSC heterogeneity and plasticity is crucial for overcoming drug resistance and improving patient outcomes.