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Applying the Health Belief Model to Quantify and Investigate Expectations for Computerized Cognitive Training.

Jerri D Edwards1,2, Christine B Philllips3, Melissa L O'Connor4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, USA.

Journal of Cognitive Enhancement : Towards the Integration of Theory and Practice
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that while older adults had high adherence to computerized cognitive training, their expectations did not predict this behavior. However, training did improve perceived enjoyment and accomplishment, with self-efficacy changes varying by program.

Keywords:
cognitive trainingexpectationshealth beliefsintervention adherence

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science and Health Psychology

Background:

  • Computerized cognitive training (CCT) offers benefits for older adults.
  • Determinants of training behavior and adherence in this population remain underexplored.
  • Understanding expectations is crucial for optimizing CCT engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate scales measuring expectations for CCT in older adults.
  • To investigate if these expectations predict training adherence.
  • To examine changes in training expectations from pre- to post-training.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and adapted health behavior scales to assess self-efficacy, outcome expectations, perceived susceptibility, and severity related to cognitive decline.
  • Recruited 219 healthy older adults (aged 55-96) participating in four CCT studies.
  • Collected baseline and post-training data, performing factor analyses to derive eight composites and analyzing adherence rates and expectation changes.

Main Results:

  • High adherence rates (81%) were observed, but none of the measured expectation composites predicted adherence.
  • Significant changes over time were found in expected psychological outcomes and self-efficacy.
  • Participants reported increased enjoyment and sense of accomplishment post-training; self-efficacy changes varied by CCT program.

Conclusions:

  • Newly developed scales may aid in studying cognitive training behaviors.
  • Expectations did not predict adherence, suggesting other factors influence engagement.
  • Further research is needed to identify key factors driving older adults' CCT enrollment and adherence.