Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

7.9K

The evolving treatment landscape of advanced urothelial carcinoma

Alexander Y Andreev-Drakhlin1, Goar Egoryan2, Amishi Y Shah1,3

  • 1Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|April 5, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Recent advancements offer new treatments for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC), a common cancer. New immunotherapies, antibody drug conjugates, and targeted agents are transforming bladder cancer care.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the 10th most common cancer worldwide and 6th among men.
  • Urothelial carcinoma (UC) represents the majority of bladder cancer cases.
  • The treatment landscape for advanced UC has been historically limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving treatment landscape for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).
  • To highlight recent therapeutic approvals and ongoing clinical investigations in UC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical studies and FDA approvals for advanced UC.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic classes including immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted agents.

Main Results:

  • Since 2016, the FDA has approved five immunotherapies (targeting PD-1/PD-L1), an anti-Nectin-4 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor for advanced UC.
  • Multiple targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), ADCs, and combination therapies are under active clinical investigation.
  • These advancements represent a significant expansion of treatment options for patients with advanced UC.

Conclusions:

  • Precision oncology is rapidly advancing the understanding and treatment of UC.
  • An expanding array of therapeutic options enables greater personalization of UC therapy.
  • The future of advanced UC treatment involves targeted therapies and immunomodulatory agents.

More Related Videos

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

13.5K
Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools08:39

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

5.1K

Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.5K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.0K
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
76
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
816
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.5K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
273