Detection and Phylogenetic Study of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Iran, 2019: Updated Data

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Molecular Epidemiology
• Animal Health

Background:

• Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants, caused by a morbillivirus.
• The virus exists in four distinct lineages, often correlating with geographical distribution, necessitating lineage-specific monitoring.
• Understanding PPR virus lineages is crucial for effective disease surveillance and control strategies, particularly at national and international borders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct phylogenetic analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) in affected small ruminant flocks in Iran.
• To identify the specific lineage of PPRV circulating in the Alborz province.
• To inform strategies for preventing the introduction of new PPRV lineages and managing outbreaks.

Main Methods:

• Collection of oral swabs and blood samples from goats exhibiting clinical signs of PPR.
• Detection of PPRV RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
• Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained PPRV RNA sequences to determine lineage and genetic relatedness.

Main Results:

• All tested samples from the affected goat flocks were positive for PPRV.
• The detected PPRV isolates belonged exclusively to lineage IV.
• The Iranian isolates showed high genetic homology with each other and with PPRV isolates from other countries.

Conclusions:

• PPRV lineage IV is circulating in small ruminant populations in Iran.
• Phylogenetic monitoring is essential for tracking PPRV spread and informing control measures.
• Strict animal movement controls and increased vaccination coverage are vital to prevent new introductions and reduce PPR outbreaks in Iran.
• An extensive vaccination program is recommended for nationwide eradication of PPR.