Management of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Nonunions: A Critical Analysis Review

Optimal management of nonunions of the proximal pole of the scaphoid is controversial and dependent on many patient and pathophysiologic considerations.

If the proximal pole subchondral bone support is sufficient, options include open reduction and internal fixation, either alone or in combination with autologous nonvascularized or vascularized bone graft.

If the proximal pole is not salvageable, replacement with osteochondral autografts or osteochondral flaps is the only option for reconstruction of the native anatomy.